Hematology (Blood Disorders)

HEMATOLOGY (BLOOD DISORDERS)

Blood is a vital fluid that circulates in the arteries and veins nourishes the organs and tissues of the body and removes waste from the body. A healthy adult has between 5-6 liters of blood in his body which corresponds to7-8% of the total body weight. 

Blood is composed of cellular elements called red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and a yellow liquid called plasma that contains nutrients. 50% of the blood is composed of blood cells and the other 50% is plasma. 

Blood Disorders are either caused by in the problem of blood cell production in bone marrow or cell dying of the blood cells for various reasons. 

There are many blood disorders but mainly divided into two as inherited blood disorders or acquired blood disorders. Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies are the most common inherited blood disorders where the nutritional anemias are the acquired blood disorders. 

Blood disorders also can be classified as mild type and wild type. While some types of anemia, such as iron deficiency are the mild type of blood disorder, blood cancers are the most common types of wild type blood disorders diseases.

HEREDITARY BLOOD DISORDERS

- Thalassemia

· Beta-Thalassemia

· Alpha - Thalassemia

- Hemoglobinopathies

· Sickle Cell Anemia

· Other abnormal hemoglobinopathies

- Erythrocyte Membrane Defects

- Erythrocyte Membrane Defects

- Hereditary Iron Load (Hemochromatosis)

- Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

- Hereditary Bone marrow insufficiencies

- Phanconia Aplastic Anemia

- Diamond Blackfan Anemia

- Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome

- Dyskeratosis Congenita

- Severe Congenital Neutropenia

- Thrombocytopenia

- Thrombosis

- Von Willebrand's disease

- Hemophilias

- Myelofibrosis

- Polycythemia

- Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

ACQUIRED BLOOD DISORDERS

- Malignant diseases of bone marrow

- Leukemia

· Acute leukemia

· Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

· Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia

· Chronic Leukemia

· Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

· Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

- Acquired bone marrow insufficiency

· Anemia

· Neutropenia

· Trmobocytopenia

- Iron Deficiency Anemia

- Megaloblastic Anemia

· Vitamin B12 deficiency

· Folic Acid Deficiency

- Thrombocytosis